Lithium niobate (LiNbO3)

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a compound of niobium, lithium and oxygen, which is a negative crystal (n0>ne). Deformed Lithium niobate crystal is a kind of material with piezoelectric, ferroelectric, photoelectric, nonlinear optical and thermoelectric properties. The spontaneous polarization of Lithium niobate crystal is large (0 70 C/m2) is the highest Curie temperature (1210 ° C) ferroelectric material found so far. Lithium niobate crystal has two characteristics that attract people's attention. First, Lithium niobate crystal has many Photoelectric effect, including Piezoelectricity, Electro–optic effect, nonlinear optical effect, photorefractive effect, Photovoltaic effect, photoelastic effect, acousto-optic effect and other photoelectric properties; Second, the performance of Lithium niobate crystal is highly controllable, which is caused by the lattice structure and rich defect structure of Lithium niobate crystal. Many properties of Lithium niobate crystal can be greatly controlled by crystal composition, element doping, valence control, etc. In addition, Lithium niobate crystal is rich in raw materials, which can be used to prepare high-quality large size single crystals. The physical and chemical properties of the crystals are stable, easy to process, and the light transmission range is wide (0 3-5 μ m) With significant birefringence (approximately 0 08 @ 633 nm), and it is easy to prepare high-quality optical waveguides, so the optical devices based on Lithium niobate crystal, such as SAW filters, optical modulators, phase modulators, optical isolators, electro-optic Q-switching, integrated optical circuits, image storage, harmonic generation, frequency multiplier, parametric oscillation, 1064 nm laser frequency multiplier, four frequency phase matching devices, are used in electronic technology, optical communication technology Laser technology has been widely studied and applied in various fields. With the breakthroughs in the fifth generation wireless communication (5G), micro/nano Photonics, integrated Photonics, Quantum optics and other application fields, Lithium niobate crystals have attracted widespread attention again. In 2017, Burrows of Harvard University even proposed that it is now entering the "Lithium niobate valley" era.

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